Clove

Syzygium aromaticum

The clove tree (Syzygium aromaticum) is a member of the Myrtaceae native of the Moluccas (Indonesia) that can reach fifteen metres.

It has opposite, persistent and leathery leaves. The flowers have a calyx that turns bright red on maturity and a pinkish white corolla, forming branched compact cymes. The fruits only contain one seed. The flower buttons before opening are called "cloves".

Main aromatic molecules: Phenols (eugenol), sesquiterpenes (β-caryophyllene) and esters (eugenyl acetate).
Family: Myrtaceae.
Producing organs: Flower buds (nails).
Yield: 13kg of essential oil per 100kg of cloves.
Equivalence: 1ml → 32 drops (dosage calculated for a calibrated dropper European Pharmacopoeia)

Bath
Skin application
Oral route

Main properties

Essential oil of clove is antiviral, antibacterial, anti-parasite, analgesic and anti-inflammatory. It is also a powerful anaesthetic, brilliant against toothaches. The eugenol contained in cloves is used in dental anaesthesia which is why its odour immediately makes us think of the dentist's chair! It facilitates digestion, fights bacterial diarrhoea as well as constipation, and eliminates physical and intellectual fatigue. Its fragrance has the property of staving hunger and was often used to endure the long hours of religious fasting.

Find all the virtues and uses of essential oils in our tips section.

recipes

Gum condition
Apply to the gums in a massage 1 drop of each of the following essential oils: clove, bay, niaouli, diluted in 2 drops of neutral carrier oil, three to four times daily for one week.

Mouth ulcer or dental abscess
Place directly on the mouth ulcer (or the tooth, in case of dental abscess) 1 drop of essential oil of clove using a cotton swab.

Chill
Mix 2 drops of essential oil of clove with honey. Sweeten your herbal tea with it.

Appetite suppressant
60 drops of essential oil of Ceylon cinnamon, 60 drops of essential oil of clove. Pour the mixture in a brown glass bottle. Remove top and breathe in five times to suppress the desire to eat. Do not diffuse pure, always combined with other essential oils.

cultivation and production

Cloves are harvested before opening and allowed to sun dry until they become dark brown. Indonesia is currently the main clove producer, of which Zanzibar was the world capital, but it dedicates 95% of its production to the manufacture of local cigarettes, kreteks. Madagascar, Tanzania, Sri Lanka and the Comoros export the essential oil, and Mayotte, French "the fragrant island", is a small producer.

fragrance

The clear, powerful and spicy odour is familiar to anyone who has visited a dental practice.

extraction and yield

The essential oil is obtained by distillation. The content of clove essence is very high (150 millilitres per kilogram and more in the dried plant) gives an exceptionally high yield of 13%, i.e. thirteen kilograms of essential oil per hundred kilograms of flower buds.

chemical formula

The main active components of essential oil of Syzygium aromaticum are first eugenol and then caryophyllene.

Precautions for use

Essential oil of clove must be used diluted on the skin.

Do not use in: pregnant or breast-feeding women, children under the age of six years (phenols), persons allergic to one of the components (eugenol), subjects with asthma without the advice of an allergologist before the first use, subjects with epilepsy.

Cloves were used by the Chinese well before our times for culinary and medicinal purposes. The "spice route" leading to the "Land of Serica" (China) introduced it to the Romans who used to make edible meat that was often gamy. Plinys criticised cloves and peppers "that they only appealed via their bitterness". The Greek doctor Askesios did not agree: "Clove oil has a nice smell that helps digestion considerably." The clove tree was introduced in Europe by the Arabs, however it was the Portuguese who discovered the Moluccas in 1424 who had the monopoly. The administrator of the Ile de France, now Mauritius, acquired some plants and the acclimatised them first on his island and then in the Antilles. The use of clove was often considered a manifestation of insolent luxury: Dante criticised the Sienese in his Inferno "the expensive habit of seasoning with cloves". All throughout the world cloves are chewed to improve the breath and prevent dental infections.

AROMATHERAPIA

Extracts from the book 'Aromatherapia - All about essential oils', by Isabelle Pacchioni, watercolors by Patrick MORIN, Aroma Thera Editions . Extracts from the book '41 essential oils essential for treating yourself differently' and '48 essential oils which every home needs to be healthy' by Isabelle Delaleu and Isabelle Pacchioni, Publications of the Mandadori France group. Botanical illustrations by Agathe Haevermans.

The properties, benefits and method of use are given for information; they cannot in any case constitute or replace medical information that only health professionals can provide. For any use of essential oils for therapeutic purposes, please consult your GP or pharmacist.